LFP technology
The technology:
The lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery is a version of a lithium ion battery with a nominal voltage of 3.2V or 3.3V. The charge end voltage is 3.6V-3.65V and the discharge end voltage is 2-2.5V.The positive electrode is made of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) instead of conventional lithium cobalt(III) oxide (LiCoO2). The negative electrode consists of graphite (hard carbon) with embedded lithium. Such an accumulator has a lower energy density compared to the conventional Li-Io and LiPo accumulator, but - even in case of mechanical damage - does not tend to thermal runaway. (Fire)
The versions:
Iron phosphate cells are available as cylindrical round cells, as prismatic design or also as pouch design. You can find more information about the cell designs under: Single cells
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Advantages
High cycle stability
Batteries with lithium iron phosphate have a very good service life. Depending on the depth of discharge, they have a service life of over 10,000 cycles and still have a residual capacity of over 75%.
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Disadvantages
The disadvantage of this technology is the lower energy density compared to other lithium technologies. This lies in the range of 90-120Wh/kg. This means that the implementation of a battery pack becomes larger and heavier.
Lifetime:
What is the cycle life (charge-discharge cycles vs. other lithium technologies)?
Power density:
What currents can the technology deliver at the same capacity.
Safety:
How does the battery technology behave in the event of cell defects.
Temperature range:
Operating temperatures of the battery technology
Initial costs:
Cost compared to other lithium technologies
Energy density:
Comparison of WH per kg. (size and weight for the same capacity)
The following graphics show you the behaviour of the lithium iron phosphate in use.
A 4 cell 12.8V 100Ah lithium iron phosphate from Swaytronic is used as the test sample.
Power
The graph shows the discharge of the accumulator with different high C-rates (1C=nominal capacity=in this test 100A). The higher the current, the faster the battery voltage drops.
Working voltage
The working voltage of the lithium iron phosphate technology is very stable.
After the start of discharging, the voltage drops from a voltage of 14.4V (final charge voltage) to a voltage of 13.0-13.4V, depending on the discharge current.
The accumulator then maintains this voltage until approx. 75-80% of the capacity has been discharged. After that, the voltage drops relatively quickly until the final discharge voltage is reached.
Energy density
The higher the current of a discharge, the less capacity can be taken from the battery.
For example, if the battery is discharged at 0.1C, 100% of the capacity is available. If you discharge the battery with 2C, only about 80% of the total capacity is available.
This process can be compared with the fuel consumption of a car. The fuel consumption of a car becomes higher with increasing speed, as the power for the engine is higher
Service life
The service life of a lithium iron phosphate battery varies depending on the DOD (depth of discharge).
If the battery pack is discharged to 100%, in this example the 100Ah battery still has 80% usable capacity after 2000 discharge cycles.
In this example, 80Ah of the initial 100Ah are still available.
Safety
Lithium iron phosphate technology is considered one of the safest lithium technologies. The damage caused by overcharging, deep discharging and short-circuiting is lower with this technology than with other lithium technologies.
Thermal runaway is virtually eliminated.
Applications
Hausspeicher:
Durch die hohe Lebensdauer und Zyklenfestigkeit werden Lithium-Eisenphosphat Technologien sehr verbreitet als Batteriespeicher in Gebäuden eingesetzt.
Die hohe Sicherheit dieser Akkutechnologie ist ein zusätzlicher Vorteil. Die chemische Zusammensetzung des Lithium Eisenphosphat ist umweltverträglicher als andere Lithium-Technologien. Lithium-Eisenphosphat kommt ins einer chemischen Zusammensetzung als natürliches Mineral vor.
Versorgungsbatterie:
Die Lithium-Eisenphosphat Batterie hat folgende Vorteile gegenüber der Blei-Technik:
- Die nutzbare Kapazität ist Faktor x 2
- Die Lebensdauer ist bei 50% Entladetiefe 6-8x höher
- Gewichtsersparnis von ca. 40%
USV - Unterbrechungsfreie Stromversorgung
USV werden an Standorten eingesetzt, wo ein Unterbruch der Stromversorgung zu Schäden an der Infrastruktur oder Personenschäden führen kann. Als Beispiel die Energieversorgung von Geräte der Medizinaltechnik oder im Bereich der IT mit der Sicherstellung der Stromversorgung von Serverstrukturen.
Die Vorteile sind wie beim Hausspeicher die lange Lebensdauer und Sicherheit dieser Batteriepacks.
Design & Engineering
Benefit from more than 5 years of experience, our portfolio includes smallest projects up to complex large-scale projects for industry and commerce. From the single cell to the complete battery pack. We are happy to design your solution.
Technology
The technology is the basis of all functions and is therefore crucial for the success of the application and for the complete life cycle. With the choice of technology, we lay the foundation for performance and service life.
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Environment & Sustainability
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